Ndeupi musiyano uripo pakati pegwaro rekutakura zvinhu remuridzi wechikepe neregungwa rokutakura zvinhu?
Bhiri rekutakura zvinhu remuridzi wengarava rinoreva mari yekutakura zvinhu mugungwa (Master B/L, inonziwo master bill, sea bill, inodaidzwa seM bhiri) yakapihwa nekambani yekutumira. Inogona kupihwa kune yakananga muridzi wemutoro (mutakuri wekutakura haabudisi bhiri rekutakura panguva ino), kana inogona kupihwa kune anotakura zvinhu. (Panguva ino, anotakura zvinhu anotumira bhiri rekutakura kune akananga muridzi wemutoro).
Bhiri rekutakura zvinhu (Imba B / L, inonziwo sub-bhiri rekutakura, inonzi H bhiri), kutaura chaiko, inofanirwa kunge isiri ngarava inoshanda yakajairwa mutakuri (yekutanga-kirasi yekutakura kutakura zvinhu, China yatanga yakakodzera certification muna 2002, uye anotakura zvinhu anofanira kuendesa kubhangi rakatemerwa dhipoziti rinodiwa neBazi rekutakura). nemutakuri wekutakura zvinhu uyo akatenderwa neBazi rezvekutakurwa uye akawana zvitupa zveNVOCC (Non-vessel operating common carrier). Kazhinji inopihwa kune muridzi akananga wemutoro; dzimwe nguva vezera vanoisa bhiri rekutakura, uye bhiri rekutakura rinopihwa kune Wezera rinoburitsa bhiri rayo rekutakura kune muridzi wayo wakananga wemutoro. Mazuvano, kune kwakajairika maodha edzimba ekutengesa kunze kwenyika, kunyanya kunzvimbo dziri muEurope neUnited States.
Misiyano mikuru pakati pebhiri rekutakura zvinhu negungwa rekutakura zvinhu ndeiyi:
①Zviri mukati meShipper uye Consignee makoramu pabhiri rekutakura zvakasiyana: mutakuri wemutakuri wekutakura bhiri rekutakura ndiye chaiye mutengesi (akananga muridzi wemutoro), uye Consignee consignee anowanzo kuzadza mukoramu mumwechete wechinyorwa chekutakura zvinoenderana nezvinopihwa netsamba yechikwereti, kazhinji Kuodha; uye Kana iyo M order yapihwa kune iye chaiye mutengesi kunze, Mutakuri anozadza kune anotumira kunze, uye Consignee anozadza mutsamba yekutumira zvinoenderana nezviri mukati; kana M order yapihwa kune anotakura zvinhu, Mutakuri anozadza mutakuri wenhumbi, uye Mutakuri anozadza mumiririri weanotakura zvinhu pachiteshi chekwauri kuenda. vanhu.
②Maitirwo ekuchinjana maodha pachiteshi chekwaunoenda akasiyana: chero bedzi uchinge wakabata M order, unogona kuenda wakananga kusangano rekutumira pachiteshi chezvikepe kunotsinhanisa bhiri rekutakura. Nzira yacho iri nyore uye inokurumidza, uye mari yacho yakanyatsogadziriswa uye yakachipa; nepo muridzi weH oda achifanira kuenda kune anotakura zvinhu pachiteshi chengarava kunochichinja. Chete neM kurongeka kwaunogona kuwana bhiri rekutakura uye kuenda kuburikidza netsika uye nzira dzekutora. Mutengo wekuchinja maodha unodhura uye hauna kugadzikiswa, uye unotemerwa zvachose nemutakuri wekutakura zvinhu pachiteshi chekuenda.
③Iyo M bhiri, senzira yegungwa, ndiyo inonyanya kukosha uye yechokwadi chitupa chekodzero yezvivakwa. Kambani yekutumira ichaendesa zvinhu kune anotumirwa anoratidzwa paM bhiri pachiteshi chezvikepe. Kana mutengesi akawana H odha, zvinoreva kuti kutonga chaiko kwezvinhu zvinotumirwa kuri mumaoko eanotakura zvinhu (panguva ino, mutumwa weM order ndiye mumiriri wechiteshi chekuendesa kutakura zvinhu). Kana kambani yekutakura zvinhu ikaparara, mutengesi (mutengesi) achaita Mutengesi) haakwanisi kutora zvinhu kubva kukambani yekutumira neH-bhiri.
④Pazvinhu zvakazara zvebhokisi, zvese M uye H maodha anogona kupihwa, nepo kune LCL zvinhu, H maodha chete anogona kupihwa. Nekuti kambani yekutakura haizobatsira muridzi wemutoro kubatanidza midziyo, uye hazvizobatsire muridzi wemutoro kugovera zvinhu pachiteshi chezvitima.
⑤Nhamba yeB/L yegwaro rekutakura kutakura zvinhu haipinde mucustom manifest management system, uye yakasiyana nebhiri renhamba yekutakura pane chiziviso chekunze; iyo B/L nhamba yemuridzi wemutoro ine zita uye nzira yekuonana yekambani inotsiva, asi iyo kambani yekuonana haisi Port shipping makambani akadai sekunze vamiririri kana Sinotrans.
Maitiro eBL neHBL:
①Shipper inotumira tsamba yekutumira kune Forwarder, ichiratidza kana izere bhokisi kana LCL;
②Mabhuku ekutumira nzvimbo nekambani yekutumira. Mushure mekunge ngarava yakwira, kambani yekutumira inopa MBL kune anoendesa mberi. MBL's Shipper ndiye Forwarder pachiteshi chekusimuka, uye Cnee kazhinji ibazi reForwarder kana mumiririri pachiteshi chengarava;
③Mufambisi anosaina HBL kune Shipper, HAL's Shipper ndiye muridzi chaiye wezvinhu, uye Cnee anowanzo kuita tsamba yechikwereti kuTo Order;
④Mutakuri anotakura zvinhu kuenda kuchiteshi chengarava mushure mekunge ngarava yasimuka;
⑤Mufambisi anotumira MBL kubazi rechiteshi chengarava kuburikidza neDHL/UPS/TNT, nezvimwe. (Kusanganisira: Custom Clearance Docs)
⑥Mushure mekunge Shipper awana bhiri rekutakura, anoendesa bhiri kubhangi renhaurirano remumba uye ogadzirisa shanduko mukati menguva yekutaura. Kana T / T Shipper inotumira zvinyorwa zvakananga kune vatengi vekunze;
⑦ Bhangi rinotaurirana richagadzirisa mari yekunze nebhangi rinopa neseti yakazara yemagwaro;
⑧Consignee anobhadhara rudzikinuro kubhangi rinopa;
⑨Mufambisi pachiteshi chezvikepe anotora MBL kukambani yekutumira kuti achinjane odha yekutora zvinhu uye tsika dzakajeka;
⑩Consignee anotora HBL kuti atore zvinhu kubva kuForwarder.
Musiyano wepamusoro uripo pakati pebhiri rekutakura remutakuri wengarava uye bhiri rekutakura remuridzi wechikepe: Kubva kumusoro, unogona kuziva kana iri Carrier kana Forwarder's bill of lading. Iwe unogona kuudza kambani hombe yekutakura nekungotarisa. Kufanana neEISU, PONL, ZIM, YML, nezvimwe.
Musiyano uripo pakati pebhiri rekutakura zvinhu nerekutakura zvinhu unonyanya kubva pane zvinotevera:
①Kana pasina kupihwa kwakakosha mutsamba yechikwereti, Freight Forwarder's B/L (HB/L) bhiri rekutakura harigamuchirwi.
②Musiyano uripo pakati pegwaro rekutakura remutakuri wengarava uye bhiri rekutakura remuridzi wechikepe rinonyanya mumusoro uye siginicha.
Anopa uye siginicha yebhiri rekutakurwa kwechikepe, ISBP neUCP600 inonyatso taura kuti inosainwa uye yakapihwa nemutakuri, kaputeni kana mumiriri wavo ane zita, uye musoro waro izita rekambani yekutumira. Mamwe makambani makuru ekutakura anogona kuzviziva nekungotarisa, akadai seEISU, PONL, ZIM, YML, nezvimwewo. Bhiri rekutakura zvinhu rinoda kuburitswa muzita remutakuri wekutakura zvinhu, uye hazvidi kuratidza zita remutakuri, uye hazvidi kuratidza kuti ndiye mutakuri kana mumiriri wemukuru.
Chekupedzisira, pane zvakare bhiri rekutakura kutakura zvinhu, rinova bhiri rekutakura zvinhu. Chero bedzi vaine mumiririri pachiteshi chekwavanoenda kana vachikwanisa kukwereta mumiririri, vanogona kusaina rudzi urwu rwemari yekutakura. Mukuita, hapana mirairo yakasimba yerudzi urwu rwebhiri rekutakura. Sezvo Kune zvitambi zveCarrier kana SeAgent. Zvimwe zvinotakura zvinhu hazvina kumira zvakanaka. Backdating kana pre-kukwereta zvinogoneka. Zvinogoneka kuti data inyeperwe. Vanhu vanonyengedzwa nyore nyore vanewo mabhiri akadaro ekutakura. Hapana humbowo hwekutarisa.
Nguva yekutumira: Oct-24-2023
